Archivo de la etiqueta: Dublin III

Cartografía de las fronteras. Diario de Campo

Este diario es resultado de la observación realizada en tres zonas de convivencia fronteriza en tres continentes distintos (África, Asia y Europa), al tiempo que da cuenta del seguimiento mediático de los refugiados sirios, afganos e iraquíes que se suben a un barco con el objetivo de llegar a costas griegas o italianas, para posteriormente intentar llegar lo más al norte europeo que les sea posible, atravesando diversas “fronteras verticales”. Lo mismo que de los migrantes mal denominados económicos de varios países africanos que se quedan varados horas en las vallas de Ceuta, hasta que la policía migratoria los baja a palos para evitar que crucen la “frontera horizontal” del Mediterráneo. De la situación que viven los palestinos que día a día son acosados por los militares israelíes en los cruces y garitas de las “fronteras internas”. O las notas periodísticas que dan cuenta de los desalojos de lo que he denominado “las zonas de convivencia de limbo administrativo”, entiéndase los campos de refugiados que han crecido de forma irregular en diferentes zonas de convivencia fronteriza, como el de Calais (Inglaterra-Francia), o en el monte Gurugú (Marruecos-España), e Idomeni (Grecia-Macedonia).
Este diario también pretende esgrimir nuevos argumentos y un estilo de redacción teórico-filosófico que se desvincula del trabajo etnográfico y particularmente de los estudios migratorios. Es por ello que en la presente cartografía daré cuenta de este dinamismo fronterizo-conceptual, a veces asincrónico, contradictorio a los ideales del cosmopolitismo kantiano y a las concepciones hospitalarias de Derrida (otra investigación que me ha servido para deconstruir la política exterior de la Unión Europea de cara a la mal llamada “crisis de refugiados”).
Difícilmente en este diario de campo encontrarán los indicadores tradicionales de la demografía, la economía, o la sociología en un mapeo geográfico. En todo caso le he apostado a desmontar la práctica del derecho internacional y su universalidad, dando cuenta de los epistemicios y colonialismos que se hacen patentes en la política exterior vigente en la Unión Europea, especialmente en la práctica globalizada de externalizar las fronteras hacia los países africanos y de Medio Oriente con una cartografía epistemológica y estética.

Disponible en Amazon:

https://www.amazon.com/Cartograf%C3%ADa-las-fronteras-Diario-Spanish-ebook/dp/B01N8XPG9N/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1479833118&sr=8-1&keywords=roxana+rodriguez+Ortiz

Disponible en academia.edu

Presentaciones de Rosa Soriano y Roxana Rodríguez sobre regiones fronterizas

Como parte de las actividades académicas de colaboración entra el CER-Migraciones de la UAB y el Colegio de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la UACM, se realizó el seminario titulado Regiones Fronterizas. Estudio comparativo intercontinental(26 de abril 2016 / UAB).  Compartimos los videos de las conferencias de Rosa Soriano (Universidad de Granada), quien habló de las “Paradojas en la construcción de la frontera sociopolítica y económica: El caso Marruecos” y Roxana Rodríguez (UACM), que presentó su “Cartografía de fronteras”.

 

A Google Maps Migation Cartography / EstudiosFronterizos

In all social media we talk about EU crisis, a refugee crisis, the worst since second war, said a lot of analyst. Certainly, the number of people crossing the continent is increasing and unfortunately there are no more options for them to stay in their origin countries, and there isn’t an option for the non-EU countries to support them. That’s why Merkel said in last few days that Germany won’t apply the Dublin III Regulation, specially the part that refers to:

Article 13

Entry and/or stay

1. Where it is established, on the basis of proof or circum­ stantial evidence as described in the two lists mentioned in Article 22(3) of this Regulation, including the data referred to in Regulation (EU) No 603/2013, that an applicant has irregularly crossed the border into a Member State by land, sea or air having come from a third country, the Member State thus entered shall be responsible for examining the appli­ cation for international protection. That responsibility shall cease 12 months after the date on which the irregular border crossing took place.

2. When a Member State can not or can no longer be held responsible in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article and where it is established, on the basis of proof or circumstantial evidence as described in the two lists mentioned in Article 22(3), that the applicant — who has entered the territories of the Member States irregularly or whose circumstances of entry cannot be established — has been living for a continuous period of at least five months in a Member State before lodging the application for international protection, that Member State shall be responsible for examining the application for international protection.

If the applicant has been living for periods of time of at least five months in several Member States, the Member State where he or she has been living most recently shall be responsible for examining the application for international protection. (REGULATION (EU) No 604/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 June 2013).

IMG_0968-0In this sense, every person that gets into Germany, for example, without papers could apply for asylum even if he/she started a procedure in another county. For land or sea the most common countries of entrance to the UE are Spain, Italy, Greece.IMG_0973-0

The european migration phenomenon has same causes than the american (continent) migration phenomenon: wars, poverty, violence. Also has same effects: border securitization & militarization, racism and illegal politics of migrant persecution (like stop people on the street and ask for their visa or the use of internment camps for migrants without papers). The result: an absence of human rights and a crisis of humanitarian defense. So, in a lot of the countries that experiment (not necessary be affected by) migration flux, social organizations and networking groups are helping the people that arrives by sea or land, but obviously it isn’t enough to support all of them.

IMG_0969-1 The solutions seems to by easy, but the political enforcement makes some times difficult. However, in some cities of Spain, like Barcelona and Madrid, governments are applying an immediately public solution: to provide temporal asylum for refugees by the support of the people that are opening their own houses, Derrida calls this action City-of-refugge. This is an important difference between the government response in crisis like that. In Mexico, for example, catholic shelters assume this responsibility because governments only reinforce borders with security programas, not human rights or social-economic public policies, and a few some social organizations, like “Las Patronas”, assume this humanitarian labor.

Other european cities are supporting refugees by public manifestations. IMG_0972-0Unfortunately the problem won’t be resolve until we look for a global solution that has several faces, specially economic and politic. This situation doesn’t deny that most of the european governments  immediately act to try to resolve the superficial problem: asylum seeker for refugees. Right now is time to think in solutions that minimize the migration as an escape from wars or violence, same as we observe in Mexico, and rethink the migration flow as an option of way of life that could be temporal or definitive, for work or pleasure.
So, I did an exercise with google maps for compare but continents and the result is interesting: a Syrian or a Central American migrant walks a similar amount of kilometers until them arrive to their destinity. Most of them prefIMG_0980-0er to go as far as they can from the first border that they cross in first place. And all of them have to cross a lot of different kind of borders and confront a lot of restrictions and punitive attitudes not only by the police also by the community.

The exercise is very simple and consist only in assign a route in the google IMG_0974-0
maps app. A walking route. If we compare different routes in both continents, the main distinction is that Central American migrants only crossed one huge vertical border (that measure the same that it’s northern border: Mexico). Meanwhile, Syrians cross a lot of countries that right now are redefining their own borders, an aporia for the ideals of EU. We need time to observe the changes that refugee crisis provide and provoke to the european societies, as well as we observed these in Mexico and Central America, unfortunately the results have not been what we desire until now.